Comparison of Efficacy of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer and Composite Restoration in Inhibition of Secondary Caries in Primary Molars

Objective: To evaluate and compare clinical performance and caries inhibition of Resin modified glass ionomer cement and composite restoration in primary molars Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Operative Dentistry, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: Eighty-three patients fulfilling the selection criteria having at least one carious mandibular primary molar on both sides were divided by split-mouth design. Resin-modified Glass ionomer restorations were done on one side and termed Group-A, and Composite Restorations were done on the other side and termed Group-B. Each restoration was clinically evaluated regarding the appearance of secondary caries at 3, 6 and 12 months after placement by the same operator who performed the treatment. Results: A total of 166 conventional restorations were placed in the 83 children having carious mandibular primary molars, at least one on each side of the arch. The assessment of restorations, performed after six months, showed an 89.2% success rate of Resin modified Glass ionomer restorations and a 66% success rate of Composite Restoration. One year of follow-up showed an 80% success rate for Resin modified Glass ionomer restorations and 60% for Composite Restoration, as regards secondary caries; statistically significant differences were found in both groups. Conclusion: The study results showed that Resin modified Glass ionomer cement used to restore primary molars affected by caries performed better clinically than composite in assessing secondary caries

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Brief Overview of Last Decade in Cloud Computing Essential Feature: Resource Allocation

In present era, cloud computing is assumed as emerging paradigm in service providing system. Cloud computing demands different type of resources as services for the consumer needs. So, it is a challenge for the cloud computing to provide all resources to the consumers without any delays. But resource availability is finite and it is considered as a serious challenging to deliver the required resources to the consumers on exact time. Resources related to cloud allocated on the fair demands by the consumers and for this reason cloud computing has a challenge to meet the issue of resource allocation. This paper consists of literature review about the resource allocation in the field of cloud computing that explainsthe issues and solutions of the problems that occur in resource allocation. Moreover, we have explained the methodologies and techniques that are used in the research papers of last ten years and we gave the comparisons of these techniques for better understanding. This paper will help the new researchers of cloud computing for learning different methods about resource allocation

Life-threatening complication: The development of necrotising fasciitis in a preterm neonate with omphalitis

Omphalitis is a mild medical condition that can turn severe in exceptional situations leading to necrotising fasciitis. The most common cause of omphalitis is umbilical vein catheterisation (UVC) where the cleanliness measures can be compromised. The treatment options for omphalitis include antibiotics, debridement and supportive care. Sadly, the fatality rate in such cases is high. This report is about a premature female baby who was admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit after her birth at 34 weeks of gestation. UVC was performed on her which led to abnormal changes in the skin around her umbilicus. Further tests revealed that she had omphalitis and was treated with antibiotics and supportive care. Unfortunately, her condition quickly worsened and she was diagnosed with necrotising fasciitis which ultimately resulted in her death. This report provides details about the patient\u27s symptoms, course of illness and treatment for necrotising fasciitis

‘Malnutrition: A serious concern among hospitalized patients’ a cohort study of nutritional screening among admitted patients using GRAZ malnutrition tool- GMT

Objective: To identify the risks, causes, and degree of malnutrition among admitted patients using GRAZ Malnutrition Screening tool with gender and age groups comparison among private and public hospitals. Materials & Methods: A comparative cohort study was conducted upon 385 admitted patients of two Government and private hospitals from 1st Dec- 2019 to 31st March- 2020. A standardized validated tool was used with categories of weight loss within the last 3 months, BMI, changes in appetite, the severity of the disease, and age greater than 65 with a cut-off score of 3. The data was entered and analyzed through SPSS- Version 19 by computing, frequency, percentages, and Chi-Square test, with significant cut-off limit for P-Value was set at 0.05. Results: Among the 385 admitted patients 52.2 % (n= 201) were males and 48 % (n=184) females. The vulnerable age group was 39-58 Year with 40 % (n= 157) while 33.5 % (n= 129) were among 28-38 Year. Only 6 % (n= 21) were under-weight with BMI <18 / < 20. The risk of malnutrition among admitted females was 65.7 % (n= 121) as compared to 52.2 % males (n= 105) with GMS >3.&nbsp

Novel Antibiotic Combinations of Diverse Subclasses for Effective Suppression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the chief etiological agent for a range of refractory infections, has rendered all β-lactams ineffective against it. The treatment process is further complicated with the development of resistance to glycopeptides, primary antibiotics for treatment of MRSA. Antibiotic combination therapy with existing antimicrobial agents may provide an immediate treatment option. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 different commercially available antibiotics were determined along with their 90 possible pairwise combinations and 64 triple combinations to filter out 5 best combinations. Time-Kill kinetics of these combinations were then analyzed to find collateral bactericidal combinations which were then tested on other randomly selected MRSA isolates. Among the top 5 combinations including levofloxacin-ceftazidime; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-tobramycin; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-cephradine; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-ofloxacin; and piperacillin/tazobactam-tobramycin, three combinations were found to be collaterally effective. Levofloxacin-ceftazidime acted synergistically in 80% of the tested clinical MRSA isolates. First-line β-lactams of lower generations can be used effectively against MRSA infection when used in combination. Antibiotics other than glycopeptides may still work in combination

Ag and MoO₃ Nanoparticle-Containing Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Membranes for Wound Dressings

Herein, we report the effect of different reducing agents on Ag-MoO3/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for their promising potential as advanced wound dressings. The nanofibers were treated with NaOH, NaBH4, sodium citrate, and UV light, and their properties were evaluated. Water contact angle measurements revealed that NaOH treatment resulted in a less wettable surface, while NaBH4 and sodium citrate treatments led to more wettable surfaces. UV light treatment induced a slight increase in the surface wettability. Antibacterial inhibition zone tests showed that NaOH and UV treatments exhibited significant inhibitory effects against both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, while NaBH4 and sodium citrate treatments displayed moderate inhibitory effects. Moreover, silver release profiles demonstrated a sustained release of silver ions over time, with sodium citrate treatment exhibiting a higher release rate. MoO3/polyacrylonitrile displayed a substantially lower stress value, 73% less than that of the blank polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber. This decrease in the stress value is advantageous for wound dressings, as it allows for improved flexibility and conformability to the wound site. Overall, these findings provide insights into the surface wettability, antimicrobial properties, and silver ion release capabilities of Ag-MoO3/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers under different treatments, highlighting their potential for wound dressing applications